California Cigarette Tax Price & Externalitie Relationship - 275 Words

California's Cigarette Tax: The Relationship between Price and Externalities (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course: Date: Californias Cigarette Tax The proposal to impose additional sin tax in California elicits varied reactions from health groups, the tobacco industry, and the state government. Actually, health groups support the additional tax on cigarettes, which is an indication of an endeavor to discourage smoking and sponsor health research and prevention programs. Equally, the state government supports the tax due to the fact that it provides an additional and sustainable revenue stream. Conversely, the tobacco manufacturers oppose the move due to the very simple reason that it directly affects sales and profits. Above all, the plan will cause direct and positive impact on productivity across the state. Using Incidence of tax to Address Negative ExternalitiesPrecisely, price elasticity can be thought of be the responsiveness of quantity of a good demanded due to a given change in price. Obviously, price change affects the quantity demanded of a product; co nsequently, it is imperative to understand the price elasticity of demand of cigarettes to decipher impact of a decision to enforce additional taxes. Price elasticity relates to the incidence of tax and makes it possible to use tax to address negative externalities related to tobacco products. The following diagram illustrates the relationship between price elasticity and use of tax to correct negative externalities.The Relationship between Price and Externalities  D1 S2 - SMCP2 f S1 - PMCP1 e D1 PMB-SMB q2 q1 From the diagram, S1 represents the original supply curve and private marginal cost (PMC). Private marginal cost refers to the extra cost that a smoker incurs from purchasing an extra pack of cigarette. At point e, the smokers private marginal costs as well as private marginal benefits (PMBs) are at equili brium. Here, a smoker derives maximum utility from the cigarettes. However, he or she does not cater for tobacco-related costs, such premature deaths and health fees from tobacco-related diseases. Therefore, the incidence of tax shifts prices to P2 that corresponds to the social marginal cost. At point f, the smoker is in a position to cater for the extra costs through taxation. Clearly, the additional tax on cigarettes has short-term and long-term implications. The immediate impact of the tax is an increase in the price of cigarettes. Of course, this reduces the purchasing power of smokers, which forces them to reduce their demand for cigarettes. On the contrary, one of the possible long-term implications of the additional taxes in California is increased life expectancy rates. For example, the state recorded an estimated 35,000 smoking-related deaths. In this context, supporters of the additional tax on cigarettes argue that a price increase from the taxes would save up to 100,00 0 lives annually. In addition, the state would save an average of 18.1 billion dollars, which is spent on direct and indirect costs of pre-mature deaths among smokers. In fact, pre-mature deaths rob the state its most productive segment of the population: young adults. Without a doubt, this group contributes to a relatively significant share of economic development at the statewide and nationwide levels. While the proponents of the proposed amendment base their argument on the costs of t...

Women s Rights And Representation Of Society, Media, And...

â€Å"23 The man said, This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called woman, for she was taken out of man. 24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.†- Genesis 2:23-24 Women and men were created equally. The belief that women were the weaker sex has spread around the globe since the early days. From that condescending thinking, the stereotype that women are ‘inferior’ to men has developed; however in progressive thinking, women were created equally. As stated in the American Constitution, ‘All men are created equal’ therefore women should have equal rights and representation in society, media, and the workforce. The role of women has changed over time, but expectations have had a negative increase. Women have been hoisted up the ranks in society yet there are still numerous obstacles and barriers to overcome. Despite all this, women deserve to have the same opportunities as men. In the past, women were only represented as a whimsical damsel in distress. This controversial stereotype g ave some women inspiration to take a stand and demand their rights. Women have always been strong, both physically and mentally, however they have not been credited appropriately. Unbeknownst to many, women have been the masterminds of many great events in history, as well as many auspicious creations and inventions. Unfortunately, a number of these successful creations were not credited toShow MoreRelatedAdvancements in Womens Rights Over the Past 100 Years Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesMost cultures and societies through both history, and today have viewed women as the weaker sex†. Often they labeled unfit to perform many jobs outside of child bearing and domestic chores, even considered less intelligent than men are. In the past, this attitude translated into fewer jobs for women, below average pay, and poor working conditions. This continues today, despite the many great advances women have made in the past 100 years. This is evident in the Emergency Medical TechniciansRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media Introduction The evolution of mass media has changed remarkably over decades. Media has been a tool utilized to broadcast information and give entertainment to a broad audience for relatively some time. In many ways, the use of television has helped construct the overall understanding of society. What we visualize on television ultimately replicates the â€Å"realities of life†. The messages/images demonstrated on the air depict underlying customs sought out by society that are most reputableRead MoreThe Mainstream Media And Gender Inequality Essay1517 Words   |  7 PagesSara Staffen WRT 105 Assignment #3- The mainstream media is one of the most popular, prominent ways people get their information about social issues, government action, and the general knowledge about what is happening in the world. A topic that has received a quite a large amount of media coverage in history, throughout the years, and currently, is gender inequality. Specifically, the issue of women being stereotyped into traditional â€Å"home† roles and not being able to join the work force or, ratherRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women creates n egative viewpoints with how women view themselves and even how men viewRead MoreThe Theory Of The Glass Ceiling Metaphor Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagessocial role theory explains the labor division between men and women and the difference in their leadership style (Sabharal, 2015). Men are regarded as more agentic- aggressive, dominant, and independent. Women behaviors are more communal- empathetic, nurturing and kind. This theory posits that individuals might question the capacity of women in leadership roles, because requirements of leadership contradict the social role of women (Sabharwal, 2015). Because men majorly occupy leadership roles,Read MoreGender Equality And The Rights Movement1706 Words   |  7 Pagesroles in society. Thus the concept of gender equality is necessary however not sufficient. Society promotes the idea that anyone can do or become anything in this world as long as we work hard for what we choose to do. Schools teaches us that no matter what we are blac k, white, Mexican, male, female, or transgender that it doesn’t matter. What matters is the work and effort put into what the end result is. It seems that we have gone further and further away from what is supposed to be. Women have foughtRead MoreWomen in the Late 19th Century1210 Words   |  5 Pagesnineteenth century Europe and leading into the twentieth century, the division and integration of equal rights and liberties towards both genders was a predominant issue. From the 1860’s and beyond, male suffrage was expanding due to working-class activism and liberal constitutionalism, however women were not included in any political participation and were rejected from many opportunities in the workforce. They were considered second-class citizens, expected to restrict their sphere of influence to theRead MoreGood For Her, Not Me, By Amy Poehler1570 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Good for her, not me. That is the motto women should constantly repeat over and over again. Good for her, not me,† (Poehler 32). This line from Amy Poehler’s new memoir, Yes Please, is reminding women to take a step back from the so called â€Å"Mommy Wars† and remember that not everything is a competition-- one style of parenting may be good for â€Å"her†, but not for â€Å"me†. The idea that women need to be reminded of this is a little ridiculous, but then again the concept of mother-versus-mother warfareRead MoreBeyond Affirmative Action Written Assignment1238 Words   |  5 Pagesof what an ideal diverse workforce would be comprised of. In the article â€Å"Women and Work, Has the feminist movement achieved workplace equality? (Johnson, 2013), Johnson examines how affirmative action for women has undergone somewhat of a role reversal with men over the last several years. The article also centers on the remarkable advancements women have made within the feminist movement over the last 50 years. Johnson states â€Å"Women now make up half the workforce, earn more than half of almostRead MoreWilliam Douglas s Enlightened Sexism : The Seductive Message That Feminism s Work Is Done By Susan Douglas1656 Words   |  7 PagesReference Douglas, S. J. (2010). Enlightened sexism. New York City, New York: Times Books. II. Author’s Background (about 1 paragraph) Susan Douglas is a woman herself, she has gone through the experience that many women have to go through. Because she, herself, is a woman, she is able to speak upon the subject with experience. She knows what she is talking about when it comes to women stereotypes. She is also a feminist academic, columnist, and focuses her writing on gender issues, media criticism and

Ethics Game Reflective Journal - 1042 Words

Ethics Game Reflective Journal HCS/478 Health Law and Ethics April 16, 2012 Judy Ceppaglia Ethics Game Reflective Journal Ethical dilemmas surface daily in professional nursing practice. Whether you work in acute care, long-term care, hospice care, ambulatory care, managed care, or public health care chances are you will be responsible for making decisions in a situation of ethical concern. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the ethical issues presented in the Ethics Game simulation, the decision-making process used to determine the solution to the dilemma, and apply concepts from the Ethical Lenses to my work place. Ethical Dilemmas Presented The first case presented in the Ethics Game simulation involves a pregnant†¦show more content†¦The Results lens considers an act ethical if it creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Looking through these lenses I determined the best option for the scenario, ensuring the a safe delivery for the mother and baby. The Relationship and Reputation lenses were used in the simulation to determine a solution to the ethical dilemma in policies and politics case. The Relationship lens focuses on whether the processes we have set up in our community are just and remind us that the connection between individuals make up a community. The Reputation lens focuses on whether we are demonstrating the virtues that are valued by our community for people who are in our role. Looking through the Reputation lens an act is considered ethical if it is consistent with ethical behavior. Using the Relationship and Reputation lenses I determined the best option for the scenar io, ensuring Yves access to Alan and notifying supervision that hospital policy was not followed. Ethical Lens Concepts Used In The Workplace In my workplace I face difficult ethical decisions associated with patient care and the policies set forth by the home care agency. 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By utilising this model I hope to demonstrate my knowledge and understanding in relation to these skills as well as identifying areas with scope for learning. Reflection is the process of reviewing an experience in order to describe analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice (Reid 1993). There are many reflective models that I could have used, includingRead MoreOmnipotence and Atonement Throu Self-Reflective Narration Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages Omnipotence and Atonement Through Self-Reflective Narration At first glance, Atonement is a war-torn love story of two star-crossed lovers and simultaneously the life-long struggle of a girl who feels she, and her lies, are responsible for keeping the couple apart. It is not until the end of the novel that readers are told Briony Tallis, the aforementioned young troubled girl, wrote the whole novel and changed the truths about the fates of the lovers, Robbie and Cecilia. This revelation highlightsRead MoreBusiness Ethics9512 Words   |  39 PagesBUSINESS ETHICS LEARNING PORTFOLIO 2011 This learning portfolio is a summary of my learning journey of Business ethics in last four months. It is a formal academic document prepared with diverse events that I have learned from all the resources in and around me. By writing and presenting this portfolio, I have achieved the unit outcomes of Business Ethics 657. Deepak Kuriacose Student ID: 14211825 Unit Coordinator: Dr .David Pick 23/05/2011 BUSINESS ETHICS: Portfolio Navigation

Greek tragedy Essay Example For Students

Greek tragedy Essay He does not like the idea of Catherine turning into a young woman and moving on with her life so he makes her feel like she is doing wrong, and treats her like a child. Eddie only does this in his flat where he has power over Catherine.  The street symbolises Eddies loss of power that is why he can be confronted on the street more than in his flat. The street also symbolises American culture and Sicilian justice mixed together. In the street he is not the important man he wants to be, he does not have control over Catherine. Things that dared not be to mention in the flat as it represents Eddies point of view can be said in the street. The street is were Eddies power lacks you can see this by the questions he gets asked and the way hes spoken to on the street.  I dont believe it and I wish to hell youd stop it.  In the flat Eddie has power his will is supreme and in the street Beatrice and Catherine question his power.  When can I be a wife again, Eddie? The street exposes Eddies impotence; literally, in his sex life with Beatrice and metaphorically, Eddie cannot hold back the forces of change. His old fashioned beliefs cannot stop what is accepted in Modern American society, law, and justice. The street is where the fight that results in Eddies death takes place. Eddies death does not happen in his flat which is his area of power it happens in the street where it is visible to everybody. I get the impression that Miller does this because he wants to show us his lost power and the street symbolises his lack of power. Miller gives the impression that Alfieris Office represents American judicial law not family honour, revenge, or vendettas as in Sicily. In his office, Alfieri has power, not in his own right, but as the mouthpiece of the law. He links himself to other lawyers in the past.  Another lawyer, quite differently dressed, heard the same complaint and sat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course.  In his conversations with Eddie, the two concepts of law and justice clash. Alferi cannot do anything to help Eddie, as there is no law against Catherine choosing to be with Rodolpho but he still fights for what he believes. Eddie has no power in Alferis office so he hence his anger. I know whats in his mind, Mr Alferi!  Through Alferi is playing the chorus; Miller makes it clear to the audience what is going on. The office scenes provide a pause in the action for the audience to think about what is going on. In addition, through Alfieri we are made to think more sympathetically towards Eddie as Eddie is loosing control, I think miller does this so the audients gets emotionally involved in the play, which captures the audients attention. Miller gives me the impression that the telephone booth is symbolic of betrayal and modern society. Miller uses the telephone booth as a theatrical device to make the audience think. It is were Eddies own impersonal betrayal takes place, as it was where Eddie phones the immigration bureau to hand in Marco and Rodolpho. American technology allows the betrayal to be impersonal. There is also a telephone booth. This is not used until the last scenes, but is visible throughout the play  Eddie says he lives in the neighbourhood and does not give a name.  Im just around the neighbourhood, thats all.  The action of betrayal is the worst thing you can do, according to Sicilian culture and beliefs.  Brooklyn Bridge is the divide between Brooklyn and Manhattan. Manhattan is where Eddie has no control over Catherine he fears of losing her. Manhattan is representative of American Dream. Rodolpho wants to go to Manhattan with Catherine but Eddie does not want Catherine to go there. .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postImageUrl , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:visited , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active { border:0!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:active , .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7907ac663edf7afde0f892cd17a8842d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the romantic tragedy `Romeo and Juliet` EssayI would like to walk with her once where the theatres are and the opera. Since I was a boy I see pictures of those lights.  In Brooklyn, Eddie has a reputation for being honourable to start with but it changes towards the end of the play. Catherine wants to escape from Brooklyn, even though her new job is in Brooklyn but she feels imprisoned by Eddie. This is ironic as Eddie wants the best for Catherine but does not want her going to Manhattan.  Rodolpho and Marco illegally come from Sicily. Sicily is a place of poverty, it is Roman Catholic, and things are different for it is old-fashioned morals. Its more strict in our town.  Marco and Rodolpho make it sound idyllic compared to Manhatten, Manhatten is everyones dream. Yet, Rodolpho would not take Catherine there.  I will not marry you to live in Italy.  At the end, Eddie loses all his power this is shown by Eddie dieing in the street. The street is where Eddie lacked power the most anyway so there is no surprise there. We feel sympathetic towards Eddie at the end as he died as a result of him standing up for his justice.  Over all Millers use of places is much defined and basically involves around Eddie. There is a place where is power is strong bur this soon changes and a place where is power is weak i.e. Office and the street, and the telephone booth where he betrays his beliefs. Its the Greek tragedy repeating itself but with one family.